In the process of electrolytic aluminum production, the lithium extraction technology of electrolyte waste liquid and overhaul slag can recycle all the valuable resources such as lithium, fluorine and aluminum in the waste slag of electrolytic aluminum containing lithium into treasure with advantages of high product quality, high lithium element recovery and low production cost. This process can not only eliminate the impact of aluminum slag on the environment, but also help to relieve the pressure of lithium resource demand, solve the problem restricting the development of electrolytic aluminum industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of electrolytic aluminum industry, fluorine chemical industry and new energy industry.